University of Houston Law Center

Elections 101

Understanding the constitutional and legal framework behind elections in the United States.

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Understanding Elections Through Law

Elections are part of a larger constitutional system involving federal and state governments, legislatures, courts, political institutions and individual rights. Election law examines the rules and constitutional principles that shape that system.

This University of Houston Law Center educational resource brings together constitutional references, UH Law educational materials and Houston Public Media recordings from multiple contributors. The faculty expert featured below is one of the Law Center’s scholars working in this field.

What is election law?

Election law is the body of constitutional provisions, statutes, regulations and court decisions that helps define the structure of democratic government and the electoral process in the United States.

It intersects with constitutional law, voting rights, redistricting, campaign finance, political parties, representation and the respective powers of federal and state governments.

These educational resources bring together constitutional materials, University of Houston Law Center videos and Houston Public Media recordings. Individual recordings and articles may feature different contributors; the faculty profile below highlights one UH Law expert in election law.

About this resource: This site provides general educational information about constitutional and election-law concepts. It is not legal advice and does not provide instructions for registering or casting a ballot.

Election Law Topics

Election law is often described as the law governing democratic processes. Several areas of constitutional and statutory law can affect how representative government operates.

Election Certification

Election certification is the formal process through which authorized officials confirm election results under applicable law. It is distinct from unofficial election-night reporting.

Watch the episode on YouTube

Constitutional Amendments Affecting Elections

The Constitution and its amendments establish important parts of the legal framework surrounding representative government, presidential service and voting rights.

Explore nine constitutional amendments with particular connections to presidential elections, presidential succession and voting rights.

Explore the Full UH Law Constitutional Amendments Series

David Froomkin
David Froomkin
Assistant Professor of Law

Meet a UH Law Faculty Expert

David Froomkin

Assistant Professor of Law

David Froomkin is an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Houston Law Center and an affiliated faculty member in the University of Houston Department of Political Science.

His research examines the design of democratic institutions and the structure of government and the electoral process. His scholarly interests include election law, constitutional law, administrative law and constitutional design.

Froomkin teaches courses addressing election law and constitutional design and frequently provides commentary on current constitutional and election-law issues.

View David Froomkin's Faculty Profile

David Froomkin in the News

Professor David Froomkin shares his expertise on election law and constitutional issues with national news outlets. Explore recent reporting featuring his legal analysis and commentary.

The New York Times

Election Results and Allegations of Fraud in Texas

Includes commentary from Professor Froomkin in reporting on election results and allegations of fraud.

Newsweek

California Election Officials and Noncitizen Voting

Features Professor Froomkin in reporting on election administration and voting eligibility.

Yahoo News

Federal Voter Fraud Enforcement Ahead of the Midterms

Includes Professor Froomkin’s perspective in coverage of federal voter fraud enforcement.

Election Law: Key Terms

Understanding a few foundational concepts can make discussions about election law and democratic institutions easier to follow.

Election law
The body of law concerning democratic institutions and electoral processes.
Federalism
The constitutional division of governmental authority between the federal government and the states.
Redistricting
The process of establishing or revising geographic boundaries for electoral districts.
Apportionment
The allocation of representatives among geographic or political units.
Campaign finance
The legal framework governing money raised and spent in connection with political campaigns and elections.
Voting rights
Constitutional and statutory protections concerning the right to participate in elections.
Presidential succession
The constitutional and statutory framework addressing who assumes presidential authority when specified circumstances occur.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is election law?

Election law is the body of constitutional provisions, statutes, regulations and court decisions that shape democratic institutions and electoral processes.

Why does the Constitution matter to elections?

The Constitution establishes the structure of the federal government and contains provisions and amendments addressing representation, presidential service, governmental authority and voting rights.

What does the 22nd Amendment do?

The 22nd Amendment establishes constitutional limits on how many times a person may be elected President.

What does the 25th Amendment do?

The 25th Amendment addresses presidential succession, vacancies in the vice presidency and presidential inability.

What does the 26th Amendment do?

The 26th Amendment prohibits the United States or a state from denying or abridging the voting rights of United States citizens age 18 or older on account of age.

Who is UH Law's election law expert?

David Froomkin is an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Houston Law Center whose research and teaching include election law, constitutional law, democratic institutions and constitutional design.

View David Froomkin's faculty profile .

Sources and Further Reading

For primary constitutional materials and historical analysis, visit the Constitution Annotated from Congress.gov .

For UH Law Center educational videos about the Constitution, visit the UH Law Center U.S. Constitution series .