October 17, 2011
Writing Tip of the Week
Parallelism

1.	Items in a series should be in parallel form to make a sentence easy to follow.  Parallelism is achieved by joining words with similar words: nouns with nouns, adjectives with adjectives,         adverbs with adverbs, prepositions (or prepositional phrases) with prepositions, and so forth.  The defense argued that the evidence was inconclusive, prejudicial, and irrelevant.   (adjectives) The defendant claims that on the day of the murder he was at home alone washing his car, mowing his lawn, and bathing his dog.  (gerund phrases) The witness told the police officer that the car rolled down the hill, over the lawn, and into the swimming pool.  (prepositional phrases)
2.	Use Parallel Structure With Coordinating Conjunctions.  In general, use the same grammatical structure on both sides of any of the coordinating conjunctions—and, but, or, nor,   so, yet. Nonparallel  Louise spent three years in Houston going to law school and clerked for a tax firm. Parallel  Louise spent three years in Houston going to law school and clerking for a tax firm.
3.	Use Parallel Structure With Correlative Conjunctions.  Use the same structure after both parts of a correlative conjunction—either . . . or, both . . . and, neither . . . nor, not . . . but, not           only . . . but also, just as . . . so, whether . . . or. Nonparallel  I told my father that my intentions were either to study law or learning tenor saxophone. Parallel  I told my father that my intentions were either to study law or to learn to play tenor saxophone. Nonparallel  The purpose of the rule is to ensure that actual notice is provided either by personal or constructive service. Parallel   The purpose of the rule is to ensure that actual notice is provided either by personal or by constructive service. Or Parallel   The purpose of the rule is to ensure that actual notice is provided by either personal or constructive service.

Adapted from: St. Martin’s Handbook-- Lunsford and Connors
The Legal Writing Handbook-- Oates, Enquist, and Kunsch
Prepared by James Wright and Chris Dunn