Research Guide on the Trading Systems in the Asian-Pacific Region
APEC, ASEAN and their Members

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

II. APEC and ASEAN-an Overview

APEC

ASEAN

Online Resources

Selected Bibliography

III. Member Economies

Twenty-one Member Economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC):

Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam

Ten Member Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN):

Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam .

I Introduction

This research guide provides basic information about the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and their member economies. Following brief overviews of APEC and ASEAN, the first section of the guide includes online resources about the two organizations and a list of selected bibliography for further research on the history and future trends of the economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.

The following section of this guide provides basic information on trade and investment in individual member economies. Both APEC and ASEAN are loosely arranged on a voluntary basis. Even though this goals of the two organizations are to eliminate trade barriers, the economic integration in the region is nowhere near the level that the European Union (EU) has reached. The policies disseminated by APEC and ASEAN do not enjoy supremacy in their member economies. In other words, APEC and ASEAN policies can not, in any sense, substitute for the laws of its participants. Researchers should be aware that any study on the two organizations is incomplete without examining trade laws and policies of individual member economies.  

II APEC and ASEAN-an overview

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

APEC was established in 1989. The objectives of APEC are to eliminate trade and investment barriers in the Asia-Pacific region. Currently, APEC consists of 21 member economies: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam. APEC maintains a Secretariat in Singapore funded with a small amount of annual contributions from the member economies.

APEC operates on "the basis of non-binding commitments, open dialogue and equal respect for the views of all participating economies."^[1] Unlike other regional economic organizations, such as the EU and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), APEC does not have a binding treaty that sets forth an institutional framework for economic integration. Neither does it have a dispute resolution mechanism. All the initiatives from APEC are undertaken on a voluntary basis. Therefore, APEC is sometimes referred to as an "Open Forum" or "Talking Shop."^[2]

However, the influence of APEC on the Asia-Pacific region and world economy should not be underestimated. APEC member economies, which cover 2.6 billion people or 30% of the world population, account for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and nearly 72% of world economic growth.^[3]Even though it is far from being a world trade bloc that is comparable to EU or NAFTA, APEC has greatly contributed to the liberalization of world trade and investment. The frequent meetings of the leaders of its members and the exchange of trade information within APEC have facilitated mutual understandings between the least developed nations and the developed nations.^[4] Since the September 11^th attack, APEC members have also actively participated in the anti-terrorism efforts.^[5]

The Associations of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

ASEAN was established in 1967 by five nations: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. In the 198's and 1990's, five other nations joined ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam and Vietnam are also members of APEC. The goals of ASEAN are to accelerate the regional economic growth, facilitate social and culture development, and pursue regional peace, stability and rule of law.^[6]

Even though it is a treaty based organization,^[7] ASEAN is loosely arranged and has rarely functioned as a united front in regional economic affairs. Compared with APEC, ASEAN is a much smaller and weaker entity^[8]

However, in recent years, ASEAN played an important role in advocating the interests of the least developed nations in Southeast Asia, especially after the failure of the round trade talks in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Seattle. By establishing external relations with the developed economies and other regional trade organizations, ASEAN has been praised for its active role in the promotion of interregional dialogue and cooperation.^[9] It has become a recognizable team player in the world trade negotiations.  

Asia-Europe Meeting  (ASEM) Objective of the meeting is to strengthen the linkage between Asia and Europe. For the background of the forum, see here.

Euro-Asian Trade Bridge Provides E-business solution and trade service in Asia and Europe.

Asian Trade Online provides trade and investment opportunities in Asian countries.

Asian Trade Link  Asian Trade Link offers a range of services designed to promote trade opportunities between Asian manufacturers and worldwide buyers. 

Asia Time Online covers geopolitical, political, economic and business issues in the Asian-Pacific region.

Economic, Manufacturing, Finance, and Business in Asia provides comprehensive trade and investment information in Asian countries.

US Census Bureau Foreign Trade Statistics by Countries

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A Selected Bibliography Asia Trading Systems

Articles

Lusan Chua, Amanda R. Evansburg, Mark J. Fiore, Vanessa Kaye Watson, K. Brooke Welch, Phyllis Eremitaggio. Asian Group Endorses Optical Disc Regulation Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal Jan 2004 v16 i1 p18(1).

Thomas C. Fischer. A commentary on regional institutions in the Pacific Rim: do APEC and ASEAN still matter?  Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law Spring 2003 v13 i2 p337(44).

Ramkishen S. Rajan, Rahul Sen. Liberalisation of Financial Services in Southeast Asian Univer the ASEAN Framework Agreemment on Services (AFAS) Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation March 2003 v18 i3 p132-135.

Edwin van der Bruggen. Salient features of the ASEAN model tax treaty. (Association of South-East Asian Nations) (Statistical Data Included)  Tax Notes International March 18, 2002 v25 i11 p1227-1236. 

George O. White III. Foreigners beware? Investing in a jungle with many predators: the ASEAN investment area. (effect of Asian financial crisis)  Texas International Law Journal Winter 2002 v37 i1 p157-176

George O. White III. Mark From snowplows to siopao - trying to compete in a global marketplace: the ASEAN free trade area. (Association of South East Asian Nations)
Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law Fall 2000 v8 i1 p177-199.

Pearlie M.C. Koh. Enhancing economic co-operation: a regional arbitration centre for ASEAN? (Association of Southeast Asia Nations) International and Comparative Law Quarterly April 2000 v49 i2 p390-412

Mya Than; Carolyn L Gates  ASEAN enlargement: impacts and implications. Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2001. xv, 378 p.

Colin Ong. The ASEAN Free Trade Area and the necessity for the creation of a legal mechanism for resolving private disputes of an international nature. Journal of Business Law March 1998 p213-216.

Jack I. Garvey. AFTA after NAFTA: regional trade blocs and the propagation of environmental and labor standards. (ASEAN Free Trade Agreement, North American Free Trade Agreement)  Berkeley Journal of International Law Fall 1997 v15 n2 p245-274. 

Kreinin, M.E. and Plummer, Michael. Economic integration and Asia: the dynamics of regionalism in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific. Cheltenham, U.K. ; Northampton, Mass., USA : E. Elgar Pub.,2000. vii, 216 p. 

Parlie M.C. Koh. Foreign judgments in ASEAN - a proposal. International and Comparative Law Quarterly Oct 1996 v45 n4 p844-860.

Ann Marie Sabath. International business etiquette. what you need to know to conduct business abroad with charm and savvy Asia & the Pacific Rim :
N.Y. : ASJA Press, 2002. 223 p.

Yoshi Kodama. Asia-Pacific Region: APEC and ASEAN. (Annual Review of Significant Developments: 1995)  International Lawyer Summer 1996 v30 n2 p367-389. 

 

Horacio A. Grigera Naon. Sovereignty and regionalism. (Symposium: Free Trade Areas: The Challenge and Promise of Fair vs. Free Trade)  Law and Policy in International Business Summer 1996 v27 n4 p1073-1180.

Jeffrey A. Kaplan. ASEAN's rubicon: a dispute settlement mechanism for AFTA. (Association of South East Asian Nations Free Trade Area). UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal Spring 1996 v14 n2 p147-195. 

Harold Dichter. Legal implications of an Asia-Pacific economic grouping. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business Law Spring 1995 v16 n1 p99-154.

Yoji Akashi: An ASEAN Perspective on APEC (1997)

Kiminami; Intra-Asia trade and foreign direct investment (1999)

Mary Y. Pierson. East Asia - regional economic integration and implications for the United States. Law and Policy in International Business Spring 1994 v25 n3 p1161-1185.

Sherry M. Stephenson. ASEAN and the multilateral trading system. (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) (Silver Anniversary Essays) Law and Policy in International Business Winter 1994 v25 n2 p439-448.

Deborah A. Haas. (NOTE) AND COMMENT: OUT OF OTHERS' SHADOWS: ASEAN MOVES TOWARD GREATER REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FACE OF THE EC AND NAFTA. 9 Am. U.J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 809.

Lorraine C. Cardenas; Arpaporn Buranakanits. THE ROLE OF APEC IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF REGIONAL COOPERATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, (1999) 5 Ann. Surv. Int'l & Comp. L. 49.

Ernesto M. Hizon. Virtual Reality and Reality: The East Asian NICs AND THE Global Trading System,  (1999) 5 Ann. Surv. Int'l & Comp. L. 81.

Copyright (c) 1996 Northwestern School of Law Journal of International Law & Business, Winter, , 26028 words, Merit E. Janow.  SYMPOSIUM -- INSTITUTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: Assessing APEC's Role in Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region. (1997) 17 NW. J. INT'L L. & BUS. 947.

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Books

Guide to the Investment Regimes of the APEC Member Economies (5th Edition), July 2003 (728 p. full text)

Christoph Antons. Law and development in East and Southeast Asia. London ; New York : RoutledgeCurzon : IIAS, 2003. 387 p.

Peter Drysdale. The new economy in East Asia and the Pacific. London; New York : Routledge, 2004. xvii, 326 p.

Ahmad, Dzulkarnain. ASEAN+3: The Institutionalization of Asia Values. Monterrey, California : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. xiv, 79 p

Antons, Christoph (ed.). Law and Development in East and Southeast Asia. New York : RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xi, 387 p.

ASEAN. Towards a Single Economic Space. Jakarta : ASEAN Secretariat, 2003. 8 p.

Baker & Mckenzie. Asia Pacific Legal Developments Bulletin. Sydney, N.S.W. ; Los Angeles, California : Baker & Mckenzie, 1993-. Serial Publication : Periodical : Quarterly (every 3 months) v.

Bishop, Bernie. Liberalising Foreign Direct Investment Policies in the APEC Region. [U.K] : Ashgate, 2001. ix, 199 p.

Buchanan, Mark Allen. The Asia-Pacific Region and the Expanding Borders of the WTO: Implications, Challenges and Opportunities. Victoria, B.C. : Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives, University of Victoria, 1996, ii, 217 p.

Centre for Strategic and International Studies. Towards an ASEAN strategy of Globalization. Jakarta : Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 2001. iv, 158 p.

Chae Wook; Han, Hong-yol. Impact of China’s Accession into the WTO and Policy Implication for Asia-Pacific Developing Economies. Seoul Korea : Korea Institute for International Economy Policy, 2001. 73 p.

Davidson, Paul J. ASEAN: The Evolving Legal Framework for Economic Cooperation. Singapore : Times Academic Press, 2002. viii, 288 p.

Davidson, Paul J. Trading Arrangements in the Pacific Rim: ASEAN and APEC. New York : Oceana Publications, 1995-. V. <1-2> (looseleaf).

DeRosa, Dean A. Regional Trading Arrangements among Developing Countries: the ASEAN Example. Washington D.C. : International Food Policy Research Institute, 1995. viii, 129 p.

Downing, Sandra L. (ed.) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): Current Issues and Background. New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2003. ix, 193 p.

Drysdale, Peter and Ishigaki, Kenichi. East Asian Trade and Financial Integration: new issues. Australia : Asia Pacific Press at the Australian National University, 2002. xv. 240.

Freeman, Nick J;  Bartels, Frank L. The future of foreign investment in Southeast Asia. New York : RoutledgeCurzon 2004, xii, 288 p.

Fukase, Emiko; Martin, Will. Free Trade Area Membership as a Stepping Stone to Development: The Case of ASEAN. Washington D.C. : World Bank, 2001. viii, 172 p.

Lincoln, Edward J. East Asian Economic Regionalism. New York : Council on Foreign Relations; Washington D.C. : Brookings Institution Press, 2004. vii, 292 p.

Martin, Will; Pangestu, Mari. Options for Global Trade Reform. Cambrdge, UK; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2003. xvii, 202 p.

Montan, Nils Victor. Trademark Anticounterfeiting in Asia and the Pacific Rim. New York : International Trademark Association, 2001. xvi, 576 p.

Nanto, Dick Kazuyuki. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Free Trade, and the 2003 Summit in Bangkok, Thailand. [Washington D.C.] : Derwood, MD : Congress Research Service, Library of Congress : Distributed by Penny Hill Press, 2003. Internet Resources (http://www.pennyhill.com).

Nesadurai, Helen Sharmini. Globalisation, Domestic Politics, and Regionalism: the ASEAN Free Trade Area. London; New York : Routledge, 2003. xiv, 226 p.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin America Perspectives, 1998. 141 p.

Pennsylvania Bar Institute. Successfully Doing Business in Asia. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.] : Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2000. xi, 189 p.

Pryles, Michael (ed.). Dispute Resolution in Asia. 2^nd ed. The Hague, London, New York : Kluwer, 2002. xxx, 410 p.

Ravenhill, John. APEC and the Construction of Pacific Rim Regionaliam. U.K. : Cambridge University Press, 2001. xii, 294 p.

Saunders, Cheryl; Triggs, Gillian D. Trade and Cooperation with the European Union in the New Millennium. The Hague ; London : Kluwer Law International, 2002. xvii, 202 p.

Srinivasan, T N. Post-Uruguay Round Issues for Asian Developing Countries. New Haven, CT. : Yale University, Economic Growth Center, 1997. 43 p.

Tomasic, Roman (ed.). Company Law in East Asia. [U.S.] Bookfield : Ashgate, 1999. viii, 708 p.

United Nations. Implications of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) for Asia-Pacific Economies: Report, studies and papers presented at a seminar held in Bangkok, 25-26 May 1998. New York : United Nations, 1998. vii, 176 p.

Wesley, Michael. The Regional Organizations of the Asia-Pacific. [UK] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. xiv, 247 p.

Whiting, Van R. Regionalization in the World Economy: NAFTA, the Americas and Asia Pacific. New Delhi : Macmillan India Ltd, 1996. xii, 301 p.

Yamazawa, Ippei. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) challenges and tasks for the twenty-first century. London; New York : Routledge, 2000. xviii, 332 p.

Yeung, May T; Perdikis, Nicholas; William A Kerr. Regional Trading Blocs in the Global Economy: The EU and ASEAN. Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA : E. Elgar, 1999. xi, 163 p.

Ash Ahmad; P Someshwar Rao. Foreign direct investment and APEC economic integration. Ottawa, Ont. : Industry Canada, 1996.  iii, 112, iv, 114 p.

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III. Individual Economies

Australia

Online Resources

Australian Government Information

The Queen

Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

The Commonwealth

Government services for Australians

Australian Courts & Legislation

Parliament of Australia

Prime Minister of Australia

Australia's Prime Ministers

Australia APEC Study Center Since 1998 the Centre has been operated solely by Monash University. The primary objectives of the Center are to inform Australian community of the economic development and relations in the Asian Pacific region,  and serve as a liaison between academic, government and private sectors in dealing with issues regarding APEC. The Center's website provides valuable sources for studies of APEC.

Issues Papers of the Australian APEC Study Centre 

Contributions from the Australian APEC Study Centre

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Australia

Australian APEC Counter-Terrorism Initiatives

APEC Tariff Database for Australia

Selected Bibliography

Books

Ferguson A B. Enterprising Australia: planning, preparing and profiting from trade and investment : a short report on the proceedings of the inquiry. Canberra : The Committee, 2002. ix, 42 p. available at: http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jfadt/Enterprise/EARptIndx.htm

Australia.Strengthening economic legal infrastructure in APEC: supporting trade, investment and economic development. Canberra : APEC and Regional Trade Policy Branch, Dept. of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Commonwealth of Australia, 2002. 25 p.

Bijit Bora. Foreign direct investment: research issues. London ; New York : Routledge, 2002 . xiii, 354 p.

Australia. Doing business online with government : a guide for suppliers to trade electronically with Commonwealth Government agencies. Canberra : National Office for the Information Economy,  2002. iv, 44 p.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.Doing business and investing in Australia .
New York : PriceWaterhouseCoopers,  2001. 342 p.
 

Articles

Paul U. Ali, Martin Gold. Investing for good - the cost of ethical investment. (Australia). Company and Securities Law Journal August 2002 v20 i5 p307-312.

Julian Donnan. Debentures, derivatives and managed investment schemes - the characterisation and regulation of investment instruments. (Australia). Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice March 2002 v13 i1 p28-35

Dimity Kingsford Smith. Decentered regulation in online investment. (Australia). Company and Securities Law Journal Nov 2001 v19 i8 p532-549.

Paul von Nessen. Securities regulation for interests in managed investment schemes. (Australia) Australian Journal of Corporate Law Dec 1999 v11 i1 p63-88

Franz J. Ranero. Constitutional amendments in managed investment schemes. (Australia) Corporate and Business Law Journal Dec 1999 v11 i2 p287-322.

John Abrahamson. Investment in Australia and state transaction taxes - stamp duty. Tax Notes International Sept 21, 1998 v17 n12 p897-903.

Stephen J. Gates. Regional financial centre. (proposed bill amending investment law)(Australia) Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice Sept 1998 v9 i3 p204-207.

Grant Richardson, Helen Anderson. The deductibility of interest: an Asia-Pacific regional comparison.
The International Tax Journal Summer 1997 v23 n3 p6-24.

Andrew Lazar. Classification of United States business entities and the impact on Australia.
Australian Tax Review Sept 1996 v25 n3 p153-155
 

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Brunei Darussalam

Online Resources

The official website of the Brunei Government

System of Government

His Majesty Crown Prince

Cabinet & Ministers

National Development Plan

Constitution of Brunei

Brunei and ASEAN from US-ASEAN Business Council website.

Selected Bibliography

Articles

Ann Black. Alternative dispute resolution in Brunei Darussalam: the blending of imported and traditional processes. (Special Issue: International Dispute Resolution) Bond Law Review Dec 2001 v13 i2 p305-334.

Andrew D. Mitchell. Chinese walls in Brunei: Prince Jefri Bolkiah v. KPMG. (United Kingdom)
University of New South Wales Law Journal Winter 1999 v22 i1 p243-255

Philip Podzebenko. Redefining accessory liability: Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v. Tan. (United Kingdom) Sydney Law Review June 1996 v18 n2 p234-248. .

Graham Ferris. The advice of the Privy Council in Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v. Tan. (United Kingdom) Law Teacher Winter 1996 v30 n1 p111-120.

Books

Ernst & Young. Doing business in Brunei Darussalam.
New York, N.Y. : Ernst & Young 1996-. Serial Publication v.

Brunei. Brunei Darussalam, business in perspective.
Bandar Seri Begawan : Economic Development Board, Ministry of Finance, Brunei Darussalam, 1989. 52 p.

KPMG Peat Marwick.Investment in Brunei Darussalam. [Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam] : KPMG, 1987. 40 p.

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Cambodia

Online Resources

The Kingdom of Cambodia's Homepage

Country Background

Political And Administrative Structure

Macroeconomic

Foreign Trade

International Assistance

Telecommunications Transport Infrastructure

Labor Force

Taxation System

Investing in Cambodia

Cambodia and ASEAN  from Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation website. It provide trade and investment information in Cambodian. All the texts are in English.

Cambodia Country Profile and Trade Information provided by US-ASEAN business council.

Bibliography

Articles

Muthiah Alagappa. Regionalism and the quest for security: ASEAN and the Cambodian conflict. (Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution in the Twenty-First Century) Journal of International Affairs Winter 1993 v46 n2 p439-467

Bretton G. Sciaroni. New investment law creates favorable framework. (Cambodia)
East Asian Executive Reports July 15, 1994 v16 n7 p7(2).

Robin Davies. Cambodia and the GATT. Journal of World Trade (Law-Economics-Public Policy) Oct 1992 v26 n5 p93-98.

Neill T. Macpherson. Cambodia: foreign investment law. International Business Lawyer July-August 1991 v19 n7 p351(3). 

H. Lawrence Serra. Foreign investment law. (Cambodia) East Asian Executive Reports Sept 15, 1990 v12 n9 p10(2).

Books:

Peter Dale Scott Drugs, oil, and war: the United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina.  Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. xix, 225 p.

Kanokpan Lao-Araya. How can Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam cope with revenue lost due to AFTA tariff reductions? Manila : Asian Development Bank, 2002.

Cambodia.; International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO. Kingdom of Cambodia :
demand survey on automotive components. [Phnom Penh : Ministry of Commerce], 2002. 71 p.
 

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Canada

Online Resources

Basic Facts about Canada

Interactive Map of Canada From Canadian Government Websites.

Basic Facts about Canada
This official page from Canadian Government Site provides basic facts about Canada such as national symbol, history and people, economy, climate and more...

Canadian Government at a Glance
This is a sub-page of the official site from the Canadian government. Since the political structure is different from that of the United State, this page provides an overview of major governmental institutions.

How Canadians Govern Themselves?
A page from Canadian Library of Parliament explains Canadian political structure.

Government of Canada
This comprehensive site hosted by Canadian Government provides direct links to the primary Web sites of Government of Canada departments and agencies.
Official Government Publications and New Resources:

Government Publications
Government Announcement
What's New

Canada and APEC

CANADA-APEC: from the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade website. It provides updated information about Canada's involvement in APEC.

APEC Working for Canadians

Canada's Involvement in APEC

Canada's Objectives in APEC

The Role of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

Government Departments' Work on APEC

Canada's Individual Action Plan

Paul Bowles: CANADA AND APEC: WHY WE'RE IN, WHY IT MATTERS. (1997)

APEC Study Centre in Canada The Centre is involved in research and dialogue on the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum and on priority issues for Canada's involvement in the regional grouping.

APEC profile--from Canadian's perspective provided by Canada's national public broadcaster.

APEC: E-com Legal Guide to Canada  A practical first level legal guide to electronic commerce in the APEC member economies, contributed by Baker & McKenzie and other leading law firms in the region.

APEC Workshop, Toronto, Canada  (1999) contains Issues and Trends Reports on APEC member economies.

APEC Tariff Database for Canada includes tariff schedules, concessions, prohibitions, and much more useful information on trade and investment in Canada.

Bibliography

Books:

Price, Waterhouse & Co.; Price Waterhouse. Doing business in Canada. [United States] : Price Waterhouse,  1975-1997. v.

Heather Gibb. Canadian perspectives on labour mobility in APEC.
 [Ottawa] : North-South Institute, 1997. 105 p.

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Chile

Online Resources

APEC Chile 2004

Chile: APEC Host for 2004 - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Chile and APEC

APEC Virtual Center - Chile

Bibliography

Articles

Juan Luis Ossa. Royalty payments on mining in Chile and Peru. (includes text in Spanish)(Mining Law & Investment in Latin America) Mineral Law Series: Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation April 28, 2003 v2003 i2 pCH2(24).

Samuel Lira Ovalle. Dispute resolution arbitration and mediation - Chile. (includes text in Spanish)(Mining Law & Investment in Latin America). Mineral Law Series: Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation April 28, 2003 v2003 i2 pCH4C(25).

Rodrigo Valenzuela.  Taxation of the mining industry in Chile: an update. (Mining Law & Investment in Latin America). Mineral Law Series: Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation April 28, 2003 v2003 i2 pCH7A(10).

Sergio Sapag, Daniel Vanrell, Manuel F. Solano, Paulo Espindula. Chile's new holding company regime expected to boost foreign investment. Tax Notes International Jan 27, 2003 v29 i4 p348-350.

Jennifer Anne Scott. Environmental watchdogs take a bite out of Chilean foreign investment: mandatory environmental impact statements may affect foreign investment in Chile. The Transnational Lawyer Spring 1998 v11 n1 p245-275.

Alberto Gonzalez-Pita, Adriana Koeck de Schmidt. Chile's concessions law facilitates investments; permitting private sector to bid on projects is heart of effort to rebuild national infrastructure. (International Law) J. The National Law Journal Dec 23, 1996 v19 n17 pC2 col 4 (8 col in).

Steven G. Fishbach. "The quiet revolution": trade and investment liberalization in Chile and Jamaica. (Project: Privatization: The Global Scale-Back of Government Involvement in National Economies)
Administrative Law Review Fall 1996 v48 n4 p527-543.

Eduardo A. Wiesner. ANCOM: a new attitude toward foreign investment? (Andean Common Market) (Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador and Chile) University of Miami Inter-American Law Review Spring-Summer 1993 v24 n3 p435-465

Leon Larrain. Chile proposes amendments to foreign investment statute. Tax Notes International Jan 11, 1993 v6 n2 p73-74.

Books

Ernst & Young. Doing business in Chile. Santiago, Chile : Ernst & Young, 2001.  52 p.

Rafael Hernández Mayoral; George A Baptista; Frederick E Jenney; Jacqueline I Cisneros.  Impediments to risk capital in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador and Mexico =
Obstáculos para las inversíones de capital de riesgo en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, El Salvador y México. Washington, DC : Inter-American Development Bank, Multilateral Investment Fund, 2001.19 p.

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China, Peoples Republic of

Online Re